Monday, 4 December 2017

GRADE 8 ARTS THIRD QUARTER



LESSON 1: Periods of Indian Art
· Ancient Period (3900 BCE-1200 CE)
Some evidences of the early civilization
are bronze and copper statuettes and steatite
seals, which show vigor and concern for
surface texture as constantly characterized in
Indian art.

Image result for ajanta caves

The Ajanta Caves of
Maharashtra, India are 30 rock-cut cave
monuments that date back from the 2nd
century BCE to the 600 CE, including
paintings and sculptures considered to be
masterpieces of Buddhist religious art , as
well as frescos that are reminiscent of
the Sigiriya paintings in Sri Lanka. Image result for ajanta cavesImage result for ajanta caves



Classical Period ( 5th to 6th centuries)
The image of Shiva (as illustrated in the picture), the destroyer, develops into Shiva the Cosmic-dancer represented by a four-armed figure, where one hand holds
the fire with which he destroys, another holds a drum, which is the first sound heard in the world during creation, then the third arm points up in a reassuring gesture, and a
fourth arm points down to the dwarf in which he dances to.
· Islamic Ascendancy (1192-1757) or Transitional Period
This was the period of evolution from Vedism into Hinduism or Brahmanism. The two
great Indian epics: the Mahabharata and the Ramayana emerged in this period.

252 · Mogul period ( 16th Century)
Moguls contributed to the enrichment of
Indian culture, in painting and in architecture.
The most splendid example is the Taj Majal built in 1632 by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife.
Image result for TAJ MAHAL

Diwali is celebrated by Hindus in
India and all around the world in October
or November. It is the Hindu New Year
and is either a 3-day or 5-day holiday
depending on where you come from.
It is a very exciting and colorful holiday,
where homes are cleaned to welcome
the New Year and windows are opened
so that the Hindu goddess of wealth,
Lakshmi, can enter. Hindus believed that she cannot enter a house which is not lit up,
so every household burns special
Diwali clay lamps (diyas) to light the way for the goddess, which is why the holiday is
also known as the 'Festival of Lights'.


https://join-adf.ly/17169831
https://join-adf.ly/17169831LESSON 2: RANGOLI
Rangoli
is one of the most beautiful and most pleasing art forms of India. It is
comprised of two words
:'rang' meaning 'color' and 'aavalli' meaning 'colored creepers' or 'row of colors'. Rangoli, the art of making designs or patterns on the walls or the floor of
the house, uses finely ground white powder
along with different colors. Numerous
households in the Indian subcontinent make
use of Rangoli designs for decorating the
courtyard of their house.
Image result for RANGOLI

The traditional form of Rangoli made use of designs and motifs based on nature, such as mangoes, creepers, flowers, swans, peacocks, etc. Even the colors in the traditional art form were extracted from natural dyes, like barks of trees, leaves,
indigo plant, etc. These days, synthetic
dyes have more or less replaced the natural dyes of the earlier times.

The materials used in the Rangoli patterns of today give either a very flat
appearance or a 3-D effect. Rangoli designs include geometric patterns, the swastika,
lotus, trident, fish, conch, creepers, leaves, trees, flowers, animals, etc.

254 LESSON 3: PAKISTAN
Pakistani architecture is divided into four
recognized periods:
· Pre-Islamic
· Islamic The arrival of Islam in today's Pakistan - first in Sindh - during the 8th century AD meant a sudden end of Buddhist architecture. However, a smooth transition to predominantly pictureless Islamic architecture occurred. The way early mosques were built with decorations oriented them strongly to the Arab style. The earliest example of a mosque from the days of infancy of Islam in South Asia is the Mihrablose mosque of Banbhore, from the year 727, the first Muslim place of worship in South Asia. Under the Delhi Sultan the Persian-centralasiatic style ascended over Arab influences. Most important characteristic of this style is the Iwan, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. Further characteristics are wide prayer halls, round domes with mosaics and geometrical samples and the use of painted tiles. The most important of the few completely discovered buildings of Persian style is the tomb of the Shah Rukn-i-Alam (built 1320 to 1324) in Multan. At the start of the 16th century, the Indo-Islamic architecture was at the height of its boom. During the Mughal era design elements of Islamic-Persian architecture were fused with and often produced playful forms of the Hindustani art. Lahore, occasional residence of Mughal rulers, exhibits a multiplicity of important buildings from the empire, among them the Badshahi mosque (built 1673-1674), the fortress of Lahore (16th and 17th centuries) with the famous Alamgiri Gate, the colourful, the Wazir Khan Mosque,[4] (1634-1635) as well as numerous other mosques and mausoleums. Also the Shahjahan Mosque of Thatta in Sindh originates from the epoch of the Mughals. However, it exhibits partially different stylistic characteristics. Singularly, the innumerable tombs of the Chaukhandi are of eastern influence. Although constructed between 16th and 18th centuries, they do not possess any similarity to Mughal architecture. The stonemason works show rather typical Sindhi workmanship, probably from before Islamic times. The building activity of the Mughals came close to succumbing by the late 18th century. Afterwards hardly any special native architectural projects were undertaken.
· Colonial In the British colonial age predominantly representative buildings of the Indo-European style developed, from a mixture of European and Indo-Islamic components. Amongst the more prominent works are Mohatta Palace and Frere Hall in Karachi.



· Post-Colonial After independence Pakistan strove to express its newly found national identity through architecture. This reflects itself particularly in modern structures like the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad. In addition, buildings of monumental importance such as the Minar-e-Pakistan in Lahore or the mausoleum established with white marble known as Mazar-e-Quaid for the founder of the state expressed the self-confidence of the nascent state. The National Monument in Islamabad is one of the latest examples of integrating culture, independence and modern architecture.

Image result for TRUCK ART


Around the middle of the 3rd millennium
BCE, an advanced urban culture developed
for the first time in the region, with large
buildings, some of which still survive to this
day likeMohenjo Daro, Harappa,and Kot
Diji
which areamong the pre-Islamic
settlements that are now tourist attractions.



Archaeologists excavated numerous ancient cities, among them Mohenjo Daro, Harrappa and Kot Diji, which have a uniform, appropriate structure with broad roads as well as well thought out sanitary and drainage facilities. The majority of the discovered brick constructions are public buildings such as bath houses and workshops. Wood and loam served as construction materials. Large scale temples, such as those found in other ancient cities are missing. With the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization the architecture also suffered considerable damage.[3] View of Mohenjo-Daro towards the Great Bath.

Unfortunately little is known about this civilization, often called Harappan, partly because it disappeared about 1700 BC for reasons unknown and because its language remains undeciphered; its existence was revealed only in the midst of the 19th century (your text says the 1920s), and excavations have been limited. Surviving evidence indicates a sophisticated civilization. Cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (the "City of the Dead") had populations of some 35,000, they were laid out according to grid system. Inhabitants lived in windowless baked brick houses built around a central courtyard. These cities also had a citadel, where the public and religious buildings were located, large pools for ritual bathing, granaries for the storage of food, and a complex system of covered drains and sewers. The latter rivaled the engineering skill of the Romans some 2,000 years later

Across Pakistan, brightly colored flamboyant trucks, painted with images of
idealized landscapes, famous personalities, flowers, and trees, turned village lanes,
city streets, and long-distance highways into a gallery without walls; a free-form,
kaleidoscopic exhibition in motion.


LESSON 4: UZBEKISTAN, KAZAKHSTAN, TAJIKISTAN
People who inhabited the region of present
Uzbekistan are known for making printed cloth. Printed table-cloths, curtains, bed-spreads, shawls and various coverlets were utilitarian and served as a daily-round
ornament as well.
Uzbekistan ceramics hold a prominent place
among the numerous forms of popular applied art. Applied arts in ancient Kazakhstan were part of life’s daily routine.
Clothing, utility tools, yurts, and horses’ saddles were always decorated using nomadic patterns and design.
Kazakhstan’s visual arts are relatively young. In ancient times, nomads used to draw on rocks and, today, these petroglyphs can be found throughout Kazakhstan.
Fine art in Kazakhstan varies in style, direction, and genre. The most captivating work by Kazakhstan artists in different periods can be seen in museums across the country.

Tajiks have been making fabrics, utensils,
musical instruments, carpets, furniture,
jewelry, and many other things for many
centuries. The art of decorative carving is very important for local residents. Carving is
mostly present in architectural monuments,
household structures and objects, musical
instruments, and souvenirs. When Islam came, Tajik’s carving gradually changed to Arabian inscriptions using images of people and animals while some carvers prefer “vegetative,” geometrical patterns. In architecture, ornaments in the form of lotus, tulips, and other flowers are more common.

257
LESSON 5: TURKMENISTAN AND KYRGYSTAN
The most unique and beautiful carpets in the world are produced by Turkmenistan. These vary in shape and purpose. Carpet weaving
is an ancient art, and each tribe developed its own distinctive pattern. The traditional arts include felt manufacture, jewelry making, woodwork, ceramics, and silverwork.
Turkmen carpets have been traditionally woven out of wool, cotton, and silk by women, using horizontal looms. The method of weaving has been modernized,
but the beauty and quality of the fabrics remain.
Turkmenistan is also the source of keteni, a homespun silk that is used for the beautiful dresses worn by Turkmen women on special occasions. The embroidery uses different patterns that are as unique as a family seal.
"KETENI" CLOTH IS AN OBJECT OF ONE OF THE WONDERFUL TRADITIONS OF THE TURKMEN PEOPLE
Kyrgyz women produce a wide
range of textiles, mostly from the felt of
their sheep. Nowadays ancient patterns
are adapted to the tourist and export
market, but it is still a living tradition and
that all yurts and most houses contain
hand-made carpets or rugs called
shirdaks.
Let’s now visit the neighboring countries of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan

258
Large elaborately embroidered wall hangings
called Tush kyizare traditionally made in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, by elder women to commemorate the marriage of a son or daughter. Colors and designs are chosen to symbolize Kyrgyz traditions and rural life. Flowers, plants, animals, stylized horns, national designs, and emblems of Kyrgyz life are often found in these ornate and colorful embroideries.
Flat cushions called xxx are usually made in
shadow-pairs. These are seen on every chair,
padding the seat.
LESSON 6: ARTS AND CRAFTS OF WEST ASIA
West Asia is rich in cultural heritage, and this
is clearly evident in the variety and quality of
regional arts and crafts.

259
Typical artistic forms from the region include:
· embroidery
· ceramics
· wood carving
· inlaid wood designs
· Calligraphy
· hammered metalwork
· blown glassworks

· Although these are some of
the most acclaimed art forms
contributed by West Asia, their
aesthetics can be seen in almost
any product from the region
even including such things as
handmade soap from Syria or
Lebanon.



Tuesday, 20 June 2017

Southeast Asian Folk Arts

Tunku abd rahman.jpg
The songkok or peci or kopiah is a cap widely worn in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, the southern Philippines and southern Thailand, mostly among Muslim males. It has the shape of a truncated cone, usually made of black or embroidered felt, cotton or velvet. It is also worn by males in formal situations such as wedding feasts, funerals or festive occasions such as the Muslim Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. Songkok came to be associated with Islam in Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines, while in Indonesia the peci can also be associated with the nationalist secular movement. 

Batik (Javanese pronunciation: [ˈbateÊ”]; Indonesian: [ˈbatɪk]) is a technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to whole cloth, or cloth made using this technique. Batik is made either by drawing dots and lines of the resist with a spouted tool called a canting (Javanese pronunciation: [ʈ͡Ê‚antiÅ‹], also spelled tjanting), or by printing the resist with a copper stamp called a cap (Javanese pronunciation: [ʈ͡Ê‚ap], also spelled tjap). The applied wax resists dyes and therefore allows the artisan to colour selectively by soaking the cloth in one colour, removing the wax with boiling water, and repeating if multiple colours are desired. 
Wau bulan (Jawi: ÙˆØ§Ùˆ بولن) is an intricately designed Malaysian moon-kite (normally with floral motifs) that is traditionally flown by men in the Malaysian state of Kelantan. It is one of Malaysia's national symbols, some others being the kris and hibiscus. The reverse side of the fifty-cent coin of Malaysia (1989 series) features an intricately decorated wau bulan with a hummer on top.[1]The logo of Malaysia Airlines (MAS) is based on the wau kucing (cat kite). There are many types of wau in Malaysia, each with its own specialty. Wau kucing (cat kite) and wau merak (peacock kite) are some of the variants. 
The Merlion (Malay: Singa-Laut) is a well-known marketing icon of Singapore depicted as a mythical creature with a lion's head and the body of a fish. It is widely used as a mascot and national personification of Singapore.

The Merlion was first used in Singapore as the logo for the tourism board. The Merlion is similar to the heraldic sea-lion which occurs in a number of different artistic traditions. 
A Bulul is a carved wooden figure used to guard the rice crop by the Igorot peoples of northern Luzon. The sculptures are highly stylized representations of ancestors, and are thought to gain power from the presence of the ancestral spirit. The Ifugao are particularly noted for their skill in carving bululs

Sunday, 18 June 2017

Grade 8 Arts first quarter Lesson 1 PART 1 arts and crafts of Thailand, Cambodia and Laos and Vietnam




Thailand's SKY LANTERN FESTIVAL

Flying lanterns are made out of rice paper with bamboo frames, which contains fuel cell or small candle. When the candle or fuel cell is lighted the flame heats up the air inside the sky lantern making it float.

In Thailand, flying lanterns are used in the Loy Krathong festival. This is the festival held in the night of the 12th moon usually in November and believe to have the brightest and most spectacular celebrations.

Wander down to the beach on most nights and you will find locals selling wish lanterns for a small cost. Light your candle make your wish and once your wish lantern is floating skyward sit back and enjoy.


Cambodia and Laos

Indigenous people represent 1.4 percent of the total population in Cambodia and the majority of them live in remote rural areas within the country. Often referred to as highlanders, their ways of life are different from the lowlanders both from a cultural and economic perspective

Handicrafts are part of their traditional culture and their livelihood as they produce textiles, baskets, jars, pottery, and other tools for their daily use.

In this country, they make paper by hand in the wider region for over 700 years using the bark of the local SA or mulberry leaves. The bark is crushed and soaked in water until it dissolves into a paste and is place in a thin layer on a bamboo bed and dried in the sun.

Sa paper was used for calligraphy and for making festive temple decorations, umbrellas, fans, and kites and is now used for greeting cards, lampshades, bookmarks, and writing papers.

Grade 8 Arts first quarter Lesson 1 PART 2 Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei


Click here to know more about Batik

The most common to both countries is the BATIK, The term batik is an Indonesian-Malay word, believe to be related to the Malay word TITIK, which means point, dot, or drop. The drop refers to the process of dyeing the fabric by making use of a resist technique; covering areas of cloth with a dye resistant substance usually wax to prevent absorbing colors. The technique was taught thousand of years ago.

Two batik designs
1. geometric design - modern designs usually depend on the creativity of the designers
2. free form design - naturalistic motifs are leaves, flowers, birds

Malaysia and Singapore batiks produced
1. hand painted - the artist uses canting, a small copper container with one or more different sized pipes
2. block printed - done by wielding together strips of metal to form a metal block. The metal is dipped in molten wax and pressed against the fabric to make a pattern

In Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia the batik is featured as the uniform of flight attendants for their official flag carrier airlines.



Leaves and flowers in Malaysian batiks are incorporated to avoid interpretation of human and animal idolatry., in accordance to their Islamic doctrine. This features look like to that of Indonesia


Brunei

thier traditional textile is also BATIK byut uniquely different from Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Its designs have their national flower simpur, sumboi - sumboi (pitcher plant), air muleh

different techniques are used in Brunei's batik like airbrusing, cracking, bubble, rainbow, sprinkle, geometry, and marble. It used to make apply batik in different kinds of fabrics.

Batik can be done in four ways
1. hand drawn
2. using metal blocks
3. screen printing
4. digital printing





 

Thailand, Cambodian, Laos weaving Grade 8 First Quarter Lesson 1 PART 1

Thailand

Thai silk is produced from cocoons of the Thai silkworms. It is primarily originated in Khorat which it the heart of Thai's silk industry. The Thai weavers feed mulberry leaves to silkworms as their steady diet.












Cambodia

It is done as early as the first century since textiles are used for trading.

The 2 classification of Cambodian weaving
a. Ikat technique - to create patterns, the weavers tie and dye portions of the weft yarn before the weaving even begins. Patterns are diverse and vary by region: common motifs are lattice, stars and spots.

b. Uneven twill - it yields single or two color fabrics which are produced by weaving three threads so that the color of one thread dominates on one side of the fabric while two others determine the color of the other side of the textile

Uses of Cambodian weaivng

sampots - wrap skirts
pidan - pictorial tapestries
furnishing
exports for money
Krama - check scarf worn universally by Cambodians





Laos

Stories of their history were not passed on orally nor was it written, they were woven. Thread by thread Lao stories were weaved in the intricate dense patterns and motifs of cloth. Unfortunately, some are elaborately fantastic and motifs are so cryptic, that in many cases only the weavers can actually accurately interpret the story.

Shin - the Lao women's ankle long skirt whose form is undeniable but whose patterns are uniques to each skirt.

through the skirt simple and elegant She uses folk icons to express personal views. The symbols are crabs for resourcefulness, snakes for fertility, butterfly for beauty, birds for success and so on.

Vietnam

Golden thread silks were born in Vietnam. Many Vietnamese fabrics came from Ha Dong. the heart of the weaving and sericulture for centuries. Old looms are still used in weaving.

Some popular Vietnamese fabrics
1. shantung taffeta
2. bengaline weave
3. ebony satin




Tuesday, 9 May 2017

Wayang kulit

from Malaysia


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit#/media/File:Wayang_Pandawa.jpg


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit#/media/File:Making_of_a_Ringgit.jpg

Kulit - leather

Puppet - "Bayang" means imagination of spirit

Related image
https://www.flickr.com/photos/sigitdjatmiko/6238412348

Gamelan - accompanies wayang kulit

Perjuangkan Wayang Kulit, Dalang asal Cilacap Ini Jadi Caleg
http://politik.news.viva.co.id/news/read/482841-perjuangkan-wayang-kulit-dalang-asal-cilacap-ini-jadi-caleg


Dalang - chief performer who is accompanied by several instruments



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit#/media/File:Wayang_Kulit_in_Bali.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit#/media/File:Wayang_Kulit,_Bali.jpg

Holder  - buffalo horn

Shadow play is an invention of man reflects his experience of nature and of his thought

Gamelan - bronze percussion, augmented by other percussion instrument, strings and flute
a. Saron - xylophone of heavy bronze bar
b. Gender - bronze xxylophone with resonance chamber
c.Bonang - bronze bowls
d. Gong and Kampul - hanging gongs
e. Kenok and Ketuk - single inverted bronze bowl

Performance(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit

The stage of a wayang performance includes several components. 
it has a stretched linen canvas (kelir) acted as a canvas, dividing the dalang (puppeteer) and the spectator.
 A coconut-oil lamp (Javanese blencong or Balinese damar) – which in modern time usually replaced with electric light – casts shadow onto the screen.
 A banana trunk (Javanese gedebog, Balinese gedebong) lies on the ground between the screen and the dalang, where the figures are stick to hold them in place. 
To the right of the dalang sits the puppet chest, which the dalang uses as a drum during the performance, hitting it with a wooden mallet.
 In a Javanese wayang kulit performance, the dalang may use a cymbal-like percussion instrument at his feet to cue the musicians. 

The musicians sit behind the dalang in a gamelan orchestra setting. Gamelan orchestra is an integral part of the Javanese wayang kulit performance. The performance are accompanied with female singers (pesinden) and male singers (wirasuara).

The setting of the banana trunk on the ground and canvas on the sky symbolizes each the earth and the sky, the whole composition symbolizes the entire cosmos. When the dalang animates the puppet figures and moves it across the screen, divine forces are acting in his hands with which he directs the happening. The lamp is a symbol of the sun as well as the eye of the dalang.

A traditional wayang kulit performance begins after dark. 
The first of the three phases, in which the characters are introduced and the conflict is launched, lasts until midnight.
The battles and intrigues of the second phase are about three hours.
 The third phase of reconciliation and friendship is finished at dawn.

Wayang shadow plays are usually tales from the two major Hindu epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The puppet master contextualizes stories from the plays, making them relevant to current community, national or global issues. Gamelan players respond to the direction of the Dalang.



thank you Wikipedia
thank you to the sources of the picture